Geopolitics & Industrial Strategy

Why Geoeconomic Strategy Keeps Failing

The Architecture Problem Companies Miss

Sinéad O'Sullivan
2025 · BTD Foundations Download PDF

Idea in Brief

The Paradox

Companies have never been better equipped to understand geopolitics — Chief Geopolitical Officers, political intelligence units, and scenario planning functions are now standard at major multinationals. Yet their strategic bets keep failing anyway: friend-shoring stalls, supply chain diversification from China does not materialise at scale, new market entries underperform. The standard post-mortem blames bad forecasting or slow execution, but that diagnosis is wrong.

The Argument

The problem is trying to execute strategies into markets whose supporting architectures do not yet exist. Technical readiness has outrun both market readiness and institutional readiness — companies are making sound strategic bets on structurally incomplete markets. The gap is not political; it is architectural.

The Implication

There are only three rational responses to an architecture lag problem: build the missing architecture, wait for it to mature, or identify the actors who are actually building it and partner there. Most corporate geoeconomic strategy deploys none of them.

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